In recent years, the development of innovative techniques utilizing the unique properties of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has opened up new opportunities to explore extreme conditions science using diamond anvil cells (DACs). In particular, time-resolved measurements exploiting the unique bunch structure of the European XFEL, in which bursts of X-ray pulses are delivered at MHz repetition rates, have enabled the investigation of material response to dynamic heating, cooling, and compression on timescales of hundreds of microseconds with an unparalleled temporal resolution. Further leveraging the unique properties of the XFEL source, the high peak brilliance of individual X-ray pulses has been exploited to directly heat samples via rapid energy deposition on sub-picosecond timescales, while subsequent pulses probe the structural response in a pump-probe fashion. Such experiments are routinely performed at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument at EuXFEL, which has a platform dedicated to DAC research. In this talk, I will present an overview of the DAC platform, focusing on its state-of-the-art capabilities. In addition, I will highlight recent scientific results from recent experiments which have taken advantage of the time-resolved capabilities to address a wide range of scientific goals.